Eyewitness Testimony and the misinformation effect.

Confirmation bias and the eyewitness testimony are event memories that are influenced by the observers expectations. This was tested by Valentine et al. in 2003, who studied identity parades.

The misinformation effect is when memories are modified by post-event information which can be misleading. This was shown by Loftus and Palmer in 1974 by people a video of a multiple car accident.