Friday 4 February 2011

Automatic Processing and Working Memory

Jansma, Ramsey, Slagter and Kahn (2001)
  • Looked at fMRI and development of automatic processing in constistent mapping.
  • Practice was associated with reduces usage of capacity-limited working memory. (central executive)
  • Automatic processing was evidenced by decreased activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right superior frontal cortex
  • Automatic and controlled processing have similar functional anatomical representation but differ in efficiency of working memory processing.
Schneider and Shriffin (1977)
  • They Proposed clear theoretical distinctions between controlled and automatic processing
  • Controlled: limited capacity, requires attention, flexible (can be modified)
  • Automatic: Unlimited capacity, no attention required, inflexible (cannot be modified)
Norman and Shallice (1986)
  • Fully and partially automatic processes
  • controlled by supervisory attentional system (similar to the central executive see working memory lectures)
Cognitive Bottleneck
  • Pashler et al. (2001)
  • Experiment requires rapid response to 2 stimuli
  • the second is presented close in time to the first which results in a slowed response to the second.
  • Physiological Refractory period: processing bottleneck: cannot select response to 2 stimuli at the same time, can only respond serially
  • This suggests that fully automatic processing rarely occurs.

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