- Looked at fMRI and development of automatic processing in constistent mapping.
- Practice was associated with reduces usage of capacity-limited working memory. (central executive)
- Automatic processing was evidenced by decreased activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right superior frontal cortex
- Automatic and controlled processing have similar functional anatomical representation but differ in efficiency of working memory processing.
Schneider and Shriffin (1977)
- They Proposed clear theoretical distinctions between controlled and automatic processing
- Controlled: limited capacity, requires attention, flexible (can be modified)
- Automatic: Unlimited capacity, no attention required, inflexible (cannot be modified)
Norman and Shallice (1986)
- Fully and partially automatic processes
- controlled by supervisory attentional system (similar to the central executive see working memory lectures)
Cognitive Bottleneck
- Pashler et al. (2001)
- Experiment requires rapid response to 2 stimuli
- the second is presented close in time to the first which results in a slowed response to the second.
- Physiological Refractory period: processing bottleneck: cannot select response to 2 stimuli at the same time, can only respond serially
- This suggests that fully automatic processing rarely occurs.
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